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Long lines at gas pump unlikely, but Middle East crisis could disrupt oil supplies_我的网站

A |     　　美伊局势持续搅动能源市场。    WASHINGTON -- Fifty years after the 1973 Arab oil embargo, the current crisis in the Middle East has the potential to disrupt global oil supplies and push prices higher. But don't expect a repeat of the catastrophic price hikes and long lines at the gasoline pump, experts say.The Israel-Hamas war is “definitely not good news” for oil markets already stretched by cutbacks in oil production from Saudi Arabia and Russia and expected stronger demand from China, the head of the International Energy Agency said.Markets will remain volatile, and the conflict could push oil prices higher, "which is definitely bad news for inflation,” Fatih Birol, executive director of the Paris-based IEA, told The Associated Press. Developing countries that import oil and other fuels would be the most affected by higher prices, he said.International benchmark Brent crude traded above $91 a barrel on Thursday, up from $85 per barrel on Oct. 6, the day before Hamas attacked Israel, killing hundreds of civilians. Israel immediately launched airstrikes on Gaza, destroying entire neighborhoods and killing hundreds of Palestinian civilians in the days that have followed.Fluctuations since the attack pushed oil prices as high as $96. The price of oil depends on how much of it is getting used and how much is available. The latter is under threat because of the Hamas-Israel war, even though the Gaza Strip is not home to major crude production.One worry is that the fighting could lead to complications with Iran, home of some of the world’s largest oil reserves. Its crude production has been constrained by international sanctions, but oil is still flowing to China and other countries.“In order to get a sustained move (in prices), we really would need to see a supply disruption,” said Andrew Lipow, president at Lipow Oil Associates, a Houston-based consultant.Any damage to Iranian oil infrastructure from a military strike by Israel could send prices jumping globally. Even without that, a shutdown of the Strait of Hormuz that lies south of Iran could also shake the oil market because so much of the world’s supplies goes through the waterway.Until something like that happens, “the oil market is going to be like everyone else, monitoring the events in the Middle East,” Lipow said.One reason 1970s-style gas lines are unlikely: U.S. oil production is at an all-time high. The U.S. Energy Information Administration, an arm of the Energy Department, reported that American oil production in the first week of October hit 13.2 million barrels per day, passing the previous record set in 2020 by 100,000 barrels. Weekly domestic oil production has doubled from the first week in October 2012 to now.“The energy crisis of 1973 taught us many things, but in my mind, the most critical is that American energy strength is a tremendous source of security, prosperity and freedom around the world,'' said Mike Sommers, president and CEO of the American Petroleum Institute, the U.S. oil industry's top lobbying group.In a speech Wednesday marking the 50th anniversary of the 1973 oil embargo, Sommers said current U.S. production contrasts sharply with “America’s weakened position during the Arab oil embargo.'' He urged U.S. policymakers to heed what he called the lessons of 1973.“We cannot squander our strategic advantage and retreat on energy leadership,'' said Sommers, who has repeatedly criticized President Joe Biden's policies restricting restricting new oil leases as part of Biden's efforts to slow global climate change.“With an unstable world, war in Europe, war in the Middle East, and energy demand outstripping supply, energy security is on the line,'' Sommers said in a speech at the Hudson Institute, a Washington think tank.“American oil and gas are needed now more than ever,'' Sommers said. “Let’s take to heart the lessons we learned from 1973 and avoid sowing the seeds of the next energy crisis.'' For now, the crisis isn’t a repeat of 1973. Arab countries aren’t attacking Israel in unison, and OPEC+ nations have not moved to restrict supplies or boost prices beyond a few extra dollars.There are several wild cards in the energy market. One is the supply of Iranian oil. Eager to avoid a spike in gasoline prices and inflation, the U.S. has quietly tolerated some exports of Iranian oil to destinations such as China instead of going all in on sanctions aimed at Iran’s nuclear program. If Iran, which has warned Israel not to undertake a ground offensive, escalates the Gaza conflict — including a possible attack by Hezbollah militants in Lebanon supported by Iran — that might change the U.S. stance. “If the U.S. were then also to enforce the oil sanctions against Iran more strictly again, the oil market would tighten noticeably,” say commodities analysts at Commerzbank.Lawmakers from both parties have urged Biden to block Iranian oil sales, seeking to dry up one of the regime’s key sources of funding.Another wild card is how Saudi Arabia would respond if Iranian oil is restricted. Oil analysts say that while the Saudis may welcome recent oil price hikes, they don’t want a massive price spike that would fuel inflation, higher central bank interest rates and possible recession in oil-consuming countries that ultimately would limit or even kill off demand for oil. A third unknown is whether more oil will reach the market from Venezuela. The U.S. agreed Wednesday to temporarily suspend some sanctions on the country’s oil, gas and gold sectors after Venezuela’s government and a faction of its opposition formally agreed to work together on election reforms.Venezuelan production could increase in 2024. In the next six months, however, production could ramp up by some 200,000 barrels a day, a relative drop in the ocean, according to Sofia Guidi Di Sante, senior oil market analyst at Rystad Energy.Wyoming Sen. John Barrasso, the top Republican on the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee, slammed the U.S. action as a “gimmick” that appeases a brutal regime in Venezuela. “Joe Biden’s energy policies put America last,'' Barrasso said, citing the Democratic president's decisions to kill the controversial Keystone XL oil pipeline and sell off significant portions of the nation’s Strategic Petroleum Reserve, taking it to its lowest level since the 1980s. The Energy Department said Thursday it will seek offers to start refilling the oil reserve in December, with monthly solicitations expected through May 2024.“He eased sanctions on Iran, which funds terrorism across the Middle East. Now with Israel under attack, Biden is desperate for anything to mask the consequences of his reckless policies,'' Barrasso said. “America should never beg for oil from socialist dictators or terrorists.''The Treasury Department says it has targeted nearly 1,000 individuals and entities connected to terrorism and terrorist financing by the Iranian regime and its proxies, including Hamas, Hezbollah and other groups in the region. "We will continue to take action as appropriate to counter Iran’s destabilizing activity in the region and around the world,” Treasury said in a statement.____McHugh reported from Frankfurt, Germany. Choe reported from New York.。

B |
　　今日清晨，亚太盘初，国际油价集体跳水，WTI原油期货、布伦特原油期货价格均跌超1%。消息面上，伊朗总统佩泽希齐扬在最新的讲话中表示，伊朗应以理性方式，使国家摆脱“既非战争、也非和平”状态。　　与此同时，针对美国总统特朗普此前宣布的“史无前例的经济战”，伊朗方面亮出了“石油出口反制牌”。当地时间23日，伊朗最高国家安全委员会秘书雷扎伊表示，如果美国对伊朗继续发动经济战，则没有石油会通过霍尔木兹海峡乃至波斯湾地区出口。

C | 　　国际油价下挫　　北京时间8月24日清晨，国际油价下挫，截至7:15，WTI原油期货价格跌1.04%，报86.16美元/桶；布伦特原油期货价格跌1.06%，报91.68美元/桶。　　据新华社援引伊朗伊斯兰共和国通讯社23日报道，伊朗总统佩泽希齐扬22日晚表示，伊朗应以理性方式，使国家摆脱“既非战争、也非和平”状态。　　据报道，佩泽希齐扬在首都德黑兰出席“医生日”纪念活动时说，伊朗“不可能永远依靠战争走下去。总有一天必须作出决定，使国家摆脱‘既非战争、也非和平’的状态”，在战争或“非战非和”状态下伊朗难以吸引投资。他还提及已故最高领袖哈梅内伊也曾明确表示伊朗必须摆脱“非战非和”状态。　　佩泽希齐扬还说，此前伊朗与美国达成的谅解备忘录是在“尊严、智慧和国家利益”基础上能够达成的最佳方案。这份谅解备忘录中“找不到任何一项条款表明伊朗作出退让”，相关承诺均由对方承担。伊朗可以在不退让的同时，通过落实谅解备忘录，既维护国家尊严又以理性方式解决问题。

D | 　　他还表示，伊朗最高领袖穆杰塔巴制定国家政策，政府将按照相关政策继续推进有关工作。

E | 　　另据伊朗塔斯尼姆通讯社23日报道，伊朗伊斯兰革命卫队发言人穆赫比当天表示，伊朗针对美国各种敌对行动均已制定应对方案，包括应对经济施压。

F | 　　穆赫比在伊朗北部城市卡拉季举行的新闻发布会上说，美国日前宣布对伊朗发动“最严厉的经济战”，这一表态实际上表明美方在军事领域未能实现目标。他说，美国对伊朗实施经济制裁已有47年，当前有关“经济战”的表态意在对伊朗民众施加心理影响。　　穆赫比表示，伊方已制定方案以应对“经济战”造成的不利影响，并将继续“在美国眼皮底下”同其他国家开展经济往来、绕过美国限制。

G | 他称，伊朗在经济领域“没有担忧”，有关措施的效果将在不久后显现。　　由于与伊朗的谈判停滞，美国总统特朗普19日宣布对伊朗实施“毁灭性经济行动”。

H | 美国财政部长贝森特20日警告称，美国将对伊朗实施“史无前例的经济孤立”措施。伊朗外交部20日对此强烈谴责，称伊朗将利用“一切工具和能力”维护国家利益和伊朗人民的合法权利。

I | 　　伊朗亮出“石油出口反制牌”　　据央视新闻，对美国将发起经济战的声明，伊朗官方近期也进行了密集且强硬的表态。当地时间23日，伊朗最高国家安全委员会秘书雷扎伊表示，如果美国对伊朗继续发动经济战，则没有石油会通过霍尔木兹海峡乃至波斯湾地区出口。伊朗将把任何国家参与或支持美国对伊朗人民发动的经济战视为战争行为。　　伊朗外长阿拉格齐在23日的表态中直言，伊朗从未害怕过美国制裁，他们所有的举动，无论是封锁还是军事行动，都失败了，这次的新伎俩也必将失败。　　阿拉格齐还将特朗普的这次经济行动称作为“一部已经看过无数遍的重复电影”，而“我们知道如何应对”。　　据央视新闻报道，伊朗舆论普遍认为，美国此时宣布对伊朗采取经济施压行动，以及贝森特所谓的“不需要再对伊朗实施大规模军事行动”的表态，均展现出美国因未能通过战争选项达成目标被迫“改弦更张”，试图在不同条件下继续推进其目标。

J | 　　不过也有分析人士指出，虽然美国的制裁对伊朗而言并不陌生，但在战争阴影并未完全消除的情况下，如何在维持经济稳定和保持战略威慑中做出平衡，是伊朗需要考量的重要议题。　　中国国际问题研究院助理研究员李子昕表示，美国对伊朗的经济战显然将进一步提升伊朗的通胀与食品供应压力。但鉴于伊朗拥有长期应对美国制裁的经验，且具备相对丰富的应对手段，美方经济施压未必能够迫使伊朗在政治层面作出退让，反而很有可能使得局面滑向多方受损的“多输”困局。

K | （文章来源：券商中国）。

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